<!-- Input file for bug #431716 - use "-slides" option -->
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content=
"Mozilla/4.76 [en] (WinNT; U) [Netscape]">
<title>civRights2</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Civil Rights #2</h2>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<ul>
<li>Who are you protected from?</li>
<li>How are you supposed to do anything about it?</li>
<li>Why do protections grow and shrink?</li>
<li>Rights of women</li>
<li>Rights of disabled people</li>
<li>Native Americans</li>
</ul>
<h2>Who are you protected from?</h2>
<ul>
<li>"State government" under 14th Amendment</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Sex/race, not age!</li>
<li>People who act "on behalf" of state government</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Who are you protected from?</h2>
<ul>
<li>"State government" under 14th Amendment</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Sex/race, not age!</li>
<li>People who act "on behalf" of state government</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Federal Government Contractors</li>
</ul>
<h2>Who are you protected from?</h2>
<ul>
<li>"State government" under 14th Amendment</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Sex/race, not age!</li>
<li>People who act "on behalf" of state government</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Federal Government Contractors</li>
<li>Anybody Congress can regulate under the commerce clause</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Civil Rights Acts (1866, 1964, 1991)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>How are rules enforced?</h2>
<ol>
<li>Criminal prosecution</li>
</ol>
<h2>How are rules enforced?</h2>
<ol>
<li>Criminal prosecution</li>
<li>EEOC complaint</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ol>
<li>Lawsuit for back pay and reinstatement</li>
<li>Affirmative Action order.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2>How are rules enforced?</h2>
<ol>
<li>Criminal prosecution</li>
<li>EEOC complaint</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ol>
<li>Lawsuit for back pay and reinstatement</li>
<li>Affirmative Action order.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Private lawsuit--financial compensation</li>
</ol>
<h2>What about Affirmative Action?</h2>
<ul>
<li>what is it?</li>
</ul>
<h2>What about Affirmative Action?</h2>
<ul>
<li>what is it?</li>
<li>reverse discrimination</li>
</ul>
<h2>What about Affirmative Action?</h2>
<ul>
<li>what is it?</li>
<li>reverse discrimination</li>
<li>diversity policy and the University</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Bakke's lawsuit &amp; followups</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>diversity in government contracting: quotas?</li>
</ul>
<h2>Why do protections grow and shrink?</h2>
<ul>
<li>Courts have limited government intervention in society</li>
<li>Is protest necessary?</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>&nbsp;Need to "get attention"</li>
<li>Maybe if you don't have a good lawyer...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Terrorism/violence usually "counter productive"</li>
</ul>
<h2>Racial Minorities</h2>
<ul>
<li>14th shrank in response to Court decisions and politics</li>
<li>Some protections won through legal action</li>
<li>Biggest protections result from nonviolent action</li>
</ul>
<h2>Rights of Women</h2>
<ul>
<li>Long era of "protectionism"</li>
</ul>
<h2>Rights of Women</h2>
<ul>
<li>Long era of "protectionism"</li>
<li>excluded from many professions</li>
</ul>
<h2>Rights of Women</h2>
<ul>
<li>Long era of "protectionism"</li>
<li>excluded from many professions</li>
<li>couldn't vote</li>
<li>own property</li>
</ul>
<h2>Equal Rights Amendments</h2>
<ul>
<li>Remember the 14th Amendment?</li>
</ul>
<h2>Equal Rights Amendments</h2>
<ul>
<li>Remember the 14th Amendment?</li>
<li>ERA proposed by Congress 1972. Failed.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Equal Rights Amendments</h2>
<ul>
<li>Remember the 14th Amendment?</li>
<li>ERA proposed by Congress 1972. Failed.</li>
<li>1970s: Revival of 14th for women.</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Sexual classifications no longer allowed by State without
persuasive justification</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Women in the Labor Force</h2>
<ul>
<li>Why do women earn less?</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Job type</li>
<li>Skill</li>
<li>Discrimination</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Women in the Labor Force</h2>
<ul>
<li>Why do women earn less?</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Job type</li>
<li>Skill</li>
<li>Discrimination</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1964 CRA included "sex" but...</li>
<li>EEOC&nbsp; initially refused to pursue sex discrimination
cases</li>
</ul>
<h2>Women in the Labor Force</h2>
<ul>
<li>Why do women earn less?</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Job type</li>
<li>Skill</li>
<li>Discrimination</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1964 CRA included "sex" but...</li>
<li>EEOC&nbsp; initially refused to pursue sex discrimination
cases</li>
<li>1991 CRA: restated 1866 CRA right to sue for $ damages for
discrimination or sexual harassment.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Higher Education</h2>
<ul>
<li>Higher Educ. Act, Title IX (1972)&nbsp; Prohibit sex
discrimination in fed. funded programs</li>
<li>Rising emphasis on women's athletics</li>
<li>Backlash in some states (California, Texas)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Rights of disabled people</h2>
<ul>
<li>1973 Federal law prohibited discrimination by federal
contractors</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>must not discriminate against an otherwise qualified person
solely by reason of handicap</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Rights of disabled people</h2>
<ul>
<li>1973 Federal law prohibited discrimination by federal
contractors</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>must not discriminate against an otherwise qualified person
solely by reason of handicap</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>1990 Americans with Disabilities Act</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>extends protection to businesses and public accommodations
(commerce clause)</li>
<li>requires reasonable accommodation</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Politics and Native American Rights</h2>
<ul>
<li>Battle on 2 fronts</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Tribal autonomy &amp; relations with US/BIA</li>
<li>Opportunities within "mainstream" US</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>State Government and the 14th amendment</li>
<li style="list-style: none">
<ul>
<li>Complicated peyote story</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
